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US plans to station diplomats in Iran for first time since 1979

Washington move signals thaw in relations

* Ewen MacAskill in Washington
* The Guardian,
* Thursday July 17, 2008

The US plans to establish a diplomatic presence in Tehran for the first time in 30 years as
part of a remarkable turnaround in policy by President George Bush.

The Guardian has learned that an announcement will be made in the next month to establish a US
interests section - a halfway house to setting up a full embassy. The move will see US
diplomats stationed in the country.

The news of the shift by Bush who has pursued a hawkish approach to Iran throughout his tenure
comes at a critical time in US-Iranian relations. After weeks that have seen tensions rise with
Israel conducting war games and Tehran carrying out long-range missile tests, a thaw appears to
be under way.

The White House announced yesterday that William Burns, a senior state department official, is
to be sent to Switzerland on Saturday to hear Tehran's response to a European offer aimed at
resolving the nuclear standoff.

Burns is to sit at the table with Iranian officials despite Bush repeatedly ruling out direct
talks on the nuclear issue until Iran suspends its uranium enrichment programme, which is a
possible first step on the way to a nuclear weapon capability.

A frequent complaint of the Iranians is that they want to deal directly with the Americans
instead of its surrogates, Britain, France and Germany.

Bush has taken a hard line with Iran throughout the last seven years but, in the dying days of
his administration, it is believed he is keen to have a positive legacy that he can point to.

The return of US diplomats to Iran is dependent on agreement by Tehran. But President Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad indicated earlier this week that he was not against the opening of a US mission.
Iran would consider favourably any request aimed at boosting relations between the two
countries, he said.

US interests in the country at present are looked after by the Swiss embassy. The British
government restored its embassy in Tehran after Labour's 1997 general election victory as part
of a policy of constructive diplomacy with countries that had previously been branded rogue states.

The creation of a US interest section would see diplomats stationed in Tehran for the first
time since the hostage crisis that began when hundreds of students, as part of the Iranian
revolution that led to fall of the Shah, stormed the US embassy in 1979 and held the occupants
until 1981.

The special interests section would be similar to the one in Havana, Cuba. The US broke off
relations with Cuba in 1961 after Castro's takeover but US diplomats returned in 1977.

The special interests section carries out all the functions of an embassy. It is, in terms of
protocol, part of the Swiss embassy but otherwise is staffed by Americans and independent of
the Swiss.

There has been an intense debate within the Bush administration over Iran, with the
vice-president, Dick Cheney, in favour of a military strike against Iranian nuclear plants and
the state department in favour of diplomacy.

The state department has been pressing the White House for the last two years to re-establish
diplomatic relations with Tehran by setting up an interest section.

The state department is keen that the move should not be interpreted as a sign of weakness.

Sending Burns, who left Washington last night, to Geneva and the establishment of an interests
section undercuts one of the main planks of foreign policy advocated by the Democratic
presidential candidate, Barack Obama, who argues for direct negotiations with Iran.

The White House has been working in tandem over the last month with Obama's Republican rival,
John McCain.

The US has had to rely on British diplomats based in Tehran, as well as other diplomats, for
information about the inner workings of Iranian politics. Having its own staff would give them
access to students, dissidents and others. The staff would also process visa applications, at
present handled by a small office in Dubai, which is difficult for Iranians to get to.

Ahmadinejad told a reporter earlier this week, in response to a question about a possible US
interests section: "We will receive favourably any action which will help to reinforce
relations between the peoples." He added: "We have not received any official request but we
think that the development of relations between the two peoples is something correct."

That sentiment was echoed last month by secretary of state, Condoleezza Rice, who told
reporters: "We want more Iranians visiting the United States ... We are determined to reach out
to the Iranian people."

Iran has an interests section in Washington, which would make it harder for Tehran to deny the
Americans a similar arrangement.

Rice set up a group to study the feasibility of re-establishing a presence after the idea
cropped up repeatedly in discussions among Washington thinktanks.

Asked last month about the idea, she would not confirm or deny it.

But she indicated that the present arrangement where there is an American visa office for
Iranians in Dubai was inadequate.

"We know that it's difficult for Iranians sometimes to get to Dubai," she said.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/17/usa.iran